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Game technique · Nim

Nim-Sum and XOR Strategy

XOR the heap sizes to find the Nim-sum. In normal-play Nim, a nonzero result means the player to move can leave a zero Nim-sum.

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How it works

XOR the heap sizes to find the Nim-sum. In normal-play Nim, a nonzero result means the player to move can leave a zero Nim-sum.

Example

For heaps of 3, 4, and 5, the Nim-sum is 2. Reduce the heap of 3 to 1, leaving 1 XOR 4 XOR 5 = 0.

Nim-sum: 3 ⊕ 4 ⊕ 5 = 2345→ 1
Nim-Sum and XOR Strategy

Key point

XOR the heap sizes to find the Nim-sum. In normal-play Nim, a nonzero result means the player to move can leave a zero Nim-sum.

🎮 Play Nim →